op-1

    op-1

    English meaning: to work, perform

    Deutsche Übersetzung: “arbeiten, zustande bringen; Ertrag der Arbeit, Reichtum”

    Material: O.Ind. ápas- n. “work” (= Lat. opus), Av. hv-apah- “good work (verrichtend)”; ǘpasn. “work, religiöse action”; ápnas- n. “yield, property, possession “, Av. afnah-vant- “rich an Besitz”; Gk. ὄμπνη f. “nourishment, food, Brotfrucht”, ὄμπνιος “ nourishing “; Lat. opus, -eris “work, Beschäftigung, action, work”, opus est “es is nötig” (“*is Mußarbeit”), whereof operō, -üre “work”, Osc. úpsannam “operandam”, upsatuh sent (“factī sunt”), perf. upsed “fecit”, uupsens “fēcērunt”, (lengthened gradees perf. as in Lat. ōdī), Umbr. osatu “facitō”, pälign. upsaseter “fieret”; Lat. ops, opis “fortune, richness, power; help, Beistand”, by Ennius also “Bemũhung, Dienst”, officium “ obligation “ < *opi-ficium “Arbeitsverrichtung”, Ops “goddess of Erntesegens”, inops, cōpia (*co-opia), opulentus “rich an Vermögen, mighty”, probably also optimus “the best” (eig. “the Wohlhabendste”) ; perhaps the name the Oscī, Opscī, ᾽Οπικοί as “die Verehrer the Ops” and Lat. omnis “all, whole, jeder” (*op-ni-s); perhaps O.Ir. somme “rich”, domme “arm” (su-, dus-op-smi̯o-); O.E. efnan, O.Ice. efna “wirken, do”; lengthened grade O.H.G. uobo “Landbauer”, uoben “ins work place, ausũben, worship “, Ger. ũben, O.H.G. uoba m. pl. “Feier”, M.H.G. uop “das Ü ben , Landbau”, O.S. ōƀian “hold festivities”, O.Ice. ø̄fa “ train, practice “, ø̄fr “vast, grand, violent”, O.Ice. efna “ commit “, efni ‘stoff, Zeug for etwas”; about O.Ice. afl “ power “ etc. see above S. 52; Hitt. ḫappinaḫḫ- “rich make”. Maybe zero grade in Alb. (*ḫappinaḫḫ-) puna “work, labor” not from Lat. opus “work”.

    Note: Lat. opus, -eris (*opines)”work” is a truncated cognate of older Hitt. ḫappinaḫḫ- “become rich”, Alb. punoj “work, gain ealth”. The shift i > u is common in Alb. m. ending Alb. ahi, ahu “beech, oak”. In Lat. the same as in Alb. the definite form was primary hence Lat. operis (definite) > opus (indefinite), also rhotacism in Lat. n/r is regular. Not only Lat. opulentus -a -um, also opulens -entis, adj. “rich, wealthy” derived from Hitt. cognate but Lat. also displayed common Alb. n > nt phonetic mutatIon. Also O.Ind. ápas- n. “work”, ǘpas- n. “work” derived from Hitt. ḫappinaḫḫ- “become rich” which has preserved the old laryngeals. Hence we are dealing with historic developments and not word roots. Clearly Hitt. is the oldest language of IE family. Phonetically Hitt. ḫappinaḫḫ- “become rich” is a real treasure as it shows that Proto-Indo European and initially Hittite not only used laryngeals at the begging of the word but also at the end of it. The reason for that was the common sandhi or agglutination of the end of the first word with the laryngeal of the subsequent word in the sentence. In Hitt. ḫappinaḫḫ- “become rich” was the first part of a compound clearly marked by -ḫḫ- gemination of laryngeals. In Lat. initial laryngeals disappeared while in Gk. and partly in Alb. they were preserved. In Lat. and Gk. ending laryngeals became spirants: Proto-IE aḫ > Gk. -os, Lat. -es, -us. Illyr. and Alb. dropped the ending laryngeals to give f. -aḫ > -a, m -uḫ > -u, -iḫ > -i endings. Grammatically speaking Illyr. and later Alb. derived from Hittite. In Indic and Avestan the ending laryngeals were preserved as in Av. hv-apah- “good work “ while in O.Ind. initial laryngeals were frequently dropped.

    References: WP. I 175 f., WH. II 209, 217 f.